<p>Liberty Hall is located in Bedford County in Forest, Virginia. It is one of the very few Federal-Style homes still standing today from the 1700s in the Central Virginia area. It was built in 1778 as a family home. Rutherford B. Hayes and William McKinley once visited the home during the Civil War. Many homes were burnt in Forest, Virginia in the 1800s yet Liberty Hall was spared. The first owner of Liberty Hall was the founder of Augusta Academy which is now Washington and Lee University. Liberty Hall is now a private residence that has stayed in the family for over 100 years. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Building/Property</h2><br>
<p>The earliest section was built in 1778 and forms the first floor and much of the foundation of the new rear addition. It was originally called Solitary Hall. The two-story, five-bay, brick Federal style front section was added about 1815. It has a modillion cornice, gable roof, exterior end chimneys, and one and two-story frame additions built off of the side and rear elevations. Also on the property is a contributing brick dependency also built about 1815.</p><br>
<p>The property&#39;s foundation and walls are made of bricks, the roof is metal, and has a wood frame. The 1815 brick section gave the house the L shape that it has today. The brick walls of the property are 15 in thick. In 1778, Robert Alexander had built Solitary Hall, that later his son-in-law, Dr. Read would live in and rename Liberty Hall. There are two chimneys, one in the parlor and one in the dining room of the brick section of the house.</p><br>
<p>Throughout the years, the house went under multiple renovations for different reasons. Another story was added to the wooden section of the house in the 1970s. In the 2000s, the kitchen and bathrooms were renovated in order to keep up with the current styles and trends at the time. In 2007, the roof was replaced with metal while in 2008 the kitchen and bathrooms were renovated once again. There is a building behind Liberty Hall that people believe served multiple purposes over the years, such as Dr. Reads office, a servants living area, a chicken house and a kitchen and bathroom with a living area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William Callaway was the first owner of the land that Liberty Hall would eventually be built on. Callaway was one of the founding members of New London, Virginia and was also a member of the Bedford County court. It was named Bedford County after John Russell who was the forth Duke of Bedford in Great Britain. John Callaway, William Callaway&#39;s son, sold a section of the land to Bernard Gaines in 1778. While in the same year, 300 acres of that land was sold to Robert Alexander who eventually built his house on it.</p><br>
<h3>Robert Alexander</h3><br>
<p>Robert Alexander helped to found New London Academy. He did so by donating a section of his land to the school. Robert Alexander was also the founder of Augusta Academy, which today is named Washington and Lee University. The school was first named Augusta Academy in 1749, then renamed in 1776 to Liberty Hall as an all-boys school. When the school was struggling financially, the name changed to Washington Academy in 1796 when George Washington gave the school an endowment. It was eventually changed again in 1813 to Washington College. By 1865, the college&#39;s president was General Robert E. Lee and after his death in 1870, Washington College was renamed once more to Washington and Lee University.</p><br>
<p>Robert Alexander served during the Revolutionary War from 1772 to 1782 than after the war he served as the first deputy clerk in Bedford County. Later in his life, he moved to Gladys, Virginia after accepting a job position. He served as the clerk there until his death in 1820. Before Alexander moved, he gave his home to his daughter, Elizabeth, and son-in-law, Dr. John Thomas Wyatt Read.</p><br>
<h3>Civil War Involvement</h3><br>
<p>General David Hunter was a Union Civil War General who had occupied Lexington and then was on his way to Liberty, which is currently the town of Bedford. General Hunters goal was to destroy the James River Canal, the Virginia Central Railroad, and facilities in Liberty in order to slow down the Confederates. On the way, General Hunter and his army burned the Virginia Military Institute, robbed Washington College, and stayed the night in New London before heading to Liberty. New London at the time was the county seat of Bedford County. On June 16, 1864, William Read, who was the current owner of Liberty Hall, invited General Hunter and his other officers such as Rutherford B. Hayes and William McKinley in for breakfast. This ultimately helped to save the Reads home. Before General Hunter and his army left, they burned down multiple homes but allowed Liberty Hall to stand. After that, he proceeded on his raid of Liberty that occurred on June 17, 1864. "Hunter&#39;s Raid" failed since General Hunter panicked when he was informed that a Confederate army was coming to stop him. As a result, he retreated to West Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Current</h2><br>
<p>Liberty Hall is currently a private residence that is owned by a descendant of Dr. Read and has remained in the family since 1778. It stands as one of the very few Federal-Style houses in the Central Virginia area from the 1700s. There have been no archaeological searches on the land or house to date. Though, it has been known that through the years there have been artifacts found in the yard. The current family works on the farm there which has been running for over 100 years. It is part of the Century Farm Program of the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. It was also recognized and officially listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Pleasant View is a historic home located near Forest, Bedford County, Virginia. It was built about 1840, and is a two-story, five-bay, brick dwelling in the Classical Revival style. It features Greek Revival style decorative details, front doors on both the first and second floors, plastered recessed panels between the floor levels, and a typical side-gable roof with wood cornice. Also on the property are a contributing late-19th century frame smokehouse, the remaining half of a "saddlebag" kitchen/quarters building, and a family cemetery.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Bellevue is a historic home located near Goode, Bedford County, Virginia. The main house was built in three phases between about 1824 and 1870. It is a two-story, five-bay, brick dwelling in the Federal style. It has a central hall plan, hipped roof, and two frame wings. Also on the property are a contributing school dormitory building known as Inkstand, as well as three dependencies, a garden, and a family cemetery. After the American Civil War, the house was altered to function as a high school for boys established by James Philemon Holcombe . It functioned into the late-19th century.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. It is located in the Bellevue Rural Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Locust Level is a historic home and farm located at Montvale, Bedford County, Virginia. It was built about 1824, and is a two-story, brick, central-passage-plan I-house with fine exterior and interior Federal-style detailing. It has a standing seam metal roof. Attached to the rear is a two-story mortise-and-tenon frame wing known variously as the Hall or the Dance Hall. Also on the property are a contributing kitchen and dining room building, a free-standing chimney, a meat house, spring house, family cemetery, and three mounting blocks.</p><br>
<p>The home was built about 1822-1824 by Paschal and Frances Ann Otey Buford, on land that belonged to his father, Henry Buford. Frances Ann Matthews Otey Buford was part of the famous Mathews family. The land was originally granted by George III of the United Kingdom for "service to the crown." The home has ruins of the original home of Henry Buford on the site, as well as the remains of several of the mills operated by Paschal Buford. The famous treasure described in the Beale ciphers is thought to be buried near this home.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Princeton Historic District is a 370 acre historic district located in Princeton, New Jersey that was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1975. It stretches from Marquand Park in the west to the Eating Clubs in the East, from the Princeton Cemetery in the north to the Graduate College in the south. The district encompasses the core parts of the campuses of the Princeton Theological Seminary and Princeton University. It also includes the business district centered on Nassau Street and many historic homes, both mansions in the western section and more humble dwellings in the Witherspoon/Jackson neighborhood. Notable churches within the district include Nassau Presbyterian Church, Trinity Episcopal, Nassau Christian Center, and the Princeton University Chapel. The district is home to seven of Princetons nine, and New Jerseys fifty-eight, National Historic Landmarks, the largest concentration of such sites in the state.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Princeton, and the world-renowned University to which it is home, has played a significant role in 300 years of American history. Not only does the town have a strong architectural heritage, it has also made notable contributions to the world of politics, religion, science, and literature.</p><br>
<p>Princetons first settlers came in the 1690s, with Quakers settling along the Stony Brook, and the Kingston Mill being built along the Millstone River. The town itself grew up in the early 18th century along an old Indian trail which became Nassau Street. The College of New Jersey, which became Princeton University in 1896, was founded in 1746 and moved to Princeton ten years later on the completion of Nassau Hall. The town sent two residents to sign the Declaration of Independence, Richard Stockton and John Witherspoon. A third former resident, Joseph Hewes, whose house, Maybury Hill, is a national historic landmark in Princeton that lies outside the historic district, also was a signer. The town was occupied by the British during the American Revolution, using Bainbridge House as their headquarters. After his famous crossing of the Delaware and victory at the Battle of Trenton, George Washington led the Continental Army to victory at the Battle of Princeton on January 3, 1777. Nassau Hall itself served as the capital of the United States in the summer of 1783 and George Washington received the nations thanks there.</p><br>
<p>Princeton was home to four presidents, James Madison and Woodrow Wilson as students, the later also as university president, Grover Cleveland in the years after he left the White House, and John F. Kennedy during his freshman year, before his transfer to Harvard. Aaron Burr Jr. was a student here before being Vice-President of the United States and is buried in the Princeton Cemetery at the feet of his more highly esteemed father, Aaron Burr Sr., and theologian grandfather, Jonathan Edwards. Many architects from Benjamin Latrobe and Ralph Adams Cram to I. M. Pei and Frank Gehry have left their mark on the town. As home to the oldest Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Princeton has been host to many important theologians from Archibald Alexander and Samuel Miller to Charles Hodge and B. B. Warfield. Joseph Henry brought Princeton first to prominence as a center of science, a legacy that led Albert Einstein to make Princeton&#39;s Institute for Advanced Study his home after he fled Germany in 1933. Princeton has also been home to writers as varied as Thomas Mann, Upton Sinclair, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Toni Morrison.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<h3>National Historic Landmarks</h3><br>
<h3>Independently listed on the National Register of Historic Places</h3><br>
<h3>Other significant contributing properties</h3><br>
<p>The Haralson County Courthouse, located on Courthouse Square in Buchanan, Georgia, is a historic Queen Anne style building built in 1891–92. It was designed by Alexander C. Bruce and Thomas H. Morgan, Bruce & Morgan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The courthouse served as the county courthouse from 1892 to 1972; a modern courthouse less than a mile away has since replaced it.</p><br>
<p>The old courthouse building currently serves as a museum and the location of the Haralson County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>8 West Third Street is a 126 ft nine-story skyscraper in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, also known as the Wachovia Bank and Trust Company Building. It was built in 1911 as the headquarters of Wachovia Bank and Trust, with the ninth floor added in 1917. It was Winston-Salems first steel frame skyscraper, built in the Renaissance Revival style, and it was the citys tallest building from 1911 until the OHanlon Building was built in 1915, and again from 1917 until the completion of Hotel Robert E. Lee in 1921. The Wachovia Bank and Trust Company Building served as the banks headquarters until a new headquarters was built in 1966. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on May 31, 1984, as "Wachovia Bank and Trust Company Building".</p><br>
<p>It was designed by Frank Pierce Milburn of Milburn, Heister & Company.</p><br>
<p>Wachovia House Inc., an affiliate of JDL Castle Corp., sold the building for $3 million to PMC Property Group in a deal completed December 7, 2021. Plans so far only include the name 8 W 3.</p><br>
<p>The Edward M. Hackett House is a historic house located at 612 East Main Street in Reedsburg, Wisconsin. It is designed in High Victorian Gothic style, with intricate bargeboards and bay windows. The house was built and originally owned by Edward M. Hackett, a lumberman, builder, and architect who also designed the Second Empire style City Hotel, now known as Touchdown Tavern. The Hackett House was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 26, 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Lachmund Family House, also known as the Halasz/Lachmund House, is a historic house located at 717 Water Street in Sauk City, Wisconsin. It is locally significant in the social history of Sauk City. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 29, 2000.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story, cream brick house, surrounded by a reproduction wrought iron fence. It has a wrap-around front porch. It was built in c.1878 and c.1903. The cream brick had to be brought by river from the railway at Portage; the house seems to be the only residence in Sauk City built of that material in its era.</p><br>
<p>The Colorado Springs Public Library–Carnegie Building is a Neo-classical library building in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Funded by the Andrew Carnegie Library Fund. The building is on the National Register of Historic Places. It is associated with the City Beautiful movement.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Andrew Carnegie donated $60,000 for the construction of the library. One side of the library is semi-circular with a continuous ornamental balcony and a view of Pikes Peak and the Rocky Mountains. The building is made of granite, gray Tennessee marble, Breche Violette marble, sandstone and Roman-shaped gray hydraulic press brick. Inside the library the building had reading rooms, space for 17,000 volumes, an auditorium, and a reference room. Calvin Kiessling, the architect for the building, said "the building lends itself to all the requirements of modern library purposes and affords its patrons the unrestricted enjoyment of the beauties of the distant mountains and immediate surrounding."</p><br>
<p>The Penrose Library was built in 1967 as an addition to the library. The Carnegie Library has a "cherished" collection on the city&#39;s history.</p><br>
<h2>Collections</h2><br>
<p>The Carnegie building holds genealogy and regional history collections, which include books, archives, manuscripts, photographs, periodical and maps. Besides print materials, the library has access to genealogical databases and is a FamilySearch affiliate library.</p><br>
<h2>Demonstration garden</h2><br>
<p>A demonstration garden was opened in 2007 alongside the library. It was created by a master gardener, library staff, and volunteers, to provide a retreat within the city and a place to learn about plants selected for the local climate. The garden area has sculptures made by local artists, benches, stone walls, and a stage.</p><br>
<p>Mount Airy is a historic home located in Bedford County, Virginia, near Leesville. It was built between about 1797 and 1800, and is a two-story, frame, hall-parlor plan house from the Federal period. It has a gable roof and exterior end chimneys. The house received several additions to the side and rear and the front entrance was altered about 1910. The interior retains most of its early woodwork, including a handsomely paneled hall. Also on the property are a contributing smokehouse and family cemetery.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Bellevue Rural Historic District is a national historic district located near Forest, Bedford County, Virginia. It encompasses seven contributing buildings, five contributing sites, and one contributing structure. They are associated with the Bellevue School for Boys, Trivium, Brook Hill Farm, and Glenn Mary Farm properties. Brook Hill Farm and Bellevue are also listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Cifax Rural Historic District is a national historic district located near Cifax, Bedford County, Virginia. It encompasses 51 contributing buildings, 7 contributing sites, and 2 contributing structures. The district includes the</p><br>
<p>dwellings and outbuildings of prominent families, the houses of the poor and middling farmers and the laborers who in part depended on them for employment, and the stores, schools, and churches that served them. Notable buildings include the Dillard-Coffey House, Logwood-Williams House, Old Nazareth</p><br>
<p>Methodist Episcopal Church, Poplar Springs Baptist Church, Cifax School, The Cedars, Noell-Lankford House, Poindexter-Ellett-Higginbotham Farm, and Glen Alpine designed by architect Pendleton S. Clark with landscaping by Charles F. Gillette.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Colorado Springs Day Nursery is a school in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The building is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Colorado Springs Day Nursery Association</h3><br>
<p>The Colorado Springs Day Nursery Association was founded in 1897 by 14 women to provide child care for working women. In the 1900s medical services were provided to children. The daily fees were 10¢ for the first child in a family and 5¢ for each additional child. The association became part of the Community Chest, now United Way, in 1922.</p><br>
<p>Alice Bemis Taylor was one of the founders of the day care center and wrote in a letter to the Nursery&#39;s board in 1915: "If we did not hope for more than we can accomplish, we would not be working up to a higher ideal." She funded the construction of the Colorado Springs Day Nursery building in memory of her mother, Alice Cogswell Bemis. Christmas 1923, the new Tudor building was opened and $20 gold pieces ($250 in 2009 dollars) were handed out to workers who had built the nursery building. It was then called the Colorado Springs Day Nursery and Taylor was its president. The building construction cost was $262,040.</p><br>
<p>In the 1930s the nursery offered residential and day care services for children. A wading pool was dedicated in that decade. In the 1940s the cost for residential care was $10 per child. Licensing began in the 1940s. In the 1950s, the nursery offered care for dependent and neglected children, it provided care for up to 105 children, and had a 14-bed infirmary installed. The nursery was able to care for up to 122 children in the 1960s. Overnight care was discontinued in the 1970s.</p><br>
<h3>Early Connections Learning Centers</h3><br>
<p>In 1973, the nursery association merged with the Child Day Care Center and their resulting organization was named the Child Nursery Centers. In addition to the Colorado Springs Day Nursery Center on East Rio Grande, there are also locations at Antlers Place, South Chelton (1974, relocated to South Chelton in 1984) and Sand Creek Center (1995). In 2000 the organization began the Home Network program that partnered with child care providers. In 2003 the organization opened Court Care, in partnership with Court Care for the Pikes Peak Region, to provide child care while parents attended to "court related activities." In 2008 2 school age sites were opened in the Harrison School district. The organization changed their name to Early Connections Learning Centers in 2010. The organization said that the new name "better reflected our broad range of services for children and families."</p><br>
<p>Early Connections Learning Centers implemented a Professional Development Program and in 2001 through 2003 was nominated for El Pomar Foundation&#39;s "Award for Excellence".</p><br>
<h2>Services</h2><br>
<p>The Day Nursery can provides services for up to 171 children, aged 2 1/2 to 14 years of age. There are 2 classrooms for school age children and 3 classrooms for preschool children. They partner with the Community Partnership For Child Development, including the Head Start Program, and the Colorado Preschool Program in Colorado Springs School District 11. It became National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) accredited in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Father DeSmet&#39;s Prairie Mass Site, located about one mile east of Daniel, Wyoming, is the site of the first Catholic mass in Wyoming. The mass was conducted on July 5, 1840, by Jesuit missionary Pierre-Jean De Smet. A congregation of 2,000 people, composed of Native Americans, trappers, and traders from the region, attended the service. A stone altar was constructed for the mass and a granite cross enclosed by a small chapel was later added to the altar site. The service was one of the earliest Christian religious ceremonies conducted in the Rocky Mountain region. The Prairie Mass Site lies approximately at the confluence of the Green River and its tributary Horse Creek. A commemorative mass is celebrated on the 2nd Sunday after the 4th in July every year at 10:00 AM MST. Mass is facilitated by the parish Our Lady of Peace located in Pinedale, WY.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 28, 1970.</p><br>
<p>The Trappers Point Site is an archaeological site located near Pinedale, Wyoming. The site, which dates to the Early Archaic period, is the oldest known location used for the mass culling of pronghorn antelope. In addition, a large number of projectile points have been found at the site; the variety of projectile point designs at the site have helped establish how these tools developed, and the presence of points from many parts of the Green River valley have aided in determining prehistoric migration patterns. The site has been called "a major discovery in Wyoming archaeology" and "one of the key sites in Wyoming".</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 14, 2007. A pulloff on United States Route 191 west of Pinedale overlooks the site, with interpretive panels.</p><br>
<p>The Douglas City Hall is the historic city hall located at 130 S. Third St. in Douglas, Wyoming. The building was constructed from 1915 to 1916 to serve as Douglas center of government. Architect William Norman Bowman, who also designed the Weld County Courthouse in Greeley, Colorado, designed the building in the Georgian Revival style. The brick buildings design features a broken pediment over its front entrance supported by pilasters. The building includes a room on the second floor designed to house meetings of local civic groups; the Douglas Good Roads Club, which later became the Chamber of Commerce, was the first group to use the room extensively. The Douglas government moved out of the building in 1989, and it is now a commercial property.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 17, 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Streeter–Peterson House, located at 1121 9th St. in Aurora, Nebraska, was built in 1900 by local builders Johnson & Henthorn. It is designed in "classical" Queen Anne style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991; the listing included two contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>The home was built for the family William H. Streeter, a founding personage in the banking field of the area, and was later owned by A. Einer Peterson, a successful merchant to the fields of education and medicine.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant as "a significant local example of early twentieth century Neoclassical Queen Anne domestic architecture in Aurora, Nebraska". It was evaluated to be "the most impressive and architecturally sophisticated" of comparables in Aurora.</p><br>
<p>The Echo Church and School is a church and school building in Echo, Utah that includes Late Gothic Revival architecture from 1876. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Its two functions made it the center of community life at the turn of the twentieth century. The building was used mostly as a Presbyterian and Congregational church but also as a school, while a Latter-day Saints congregation later used it.</p><br>
<p>No other churches were constructed in Echo at any point in its history.</p><br>
<p>Coltsville Historic District is a National Historic Landmark District in Hartford, Connecticut. The district encompasses the factory, worker housing, and owner residences associated with Samuel Colt , one of the nation&#39;s early innovators in precision manufacturing and the production of firearms. It was the site of important contributions to manufacturing technology made by Colt and the industrial enterprise he created. Coltsville is a cohesive and readily identifiable 260 acre area, part of which was originally listed as the Colt Industrial District on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2008.</p><br>
<p>After a two decade-long campaign to designate the area as a National Historic Park, President Barack Obama signed a bill authorizing the Coltsville National Historic Park. The federal authorization laid the groundwork for a "new type of National Park," characterized by a small staff, modest property ownership by the National Park Service and dependence on community partnerships.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Coltsville District is a large area south of downtown Hartford, bounded on the north by Wyllys and Charter Oak Avenues, on the east by Van Dyke Avenue and the Connecticut River, on the south by Warwarme Avenue, and on the west by Wethersfield Avenue. The district encompasses the entire community planned around the Colt Armory, including Armsmear, tenement housing and community facilities such as the Church of the Good Shepherd and Hartford&#39;s Colt Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The greatest influence on the development of Sheldon/Charter Oak and South Green just south of downtown Hartford was Samuel Colt, inventor of the automatic revolver, and his wife Elizabeth Colt. Although Colt is often considered the father of the Connecticut River Valley industrial revolution, there were in fact a handful of small outfits already in operation by the time Colt purchased a large tract of land in the area in the 1840s, where he opened his first factory in 1848. Inspired by what he had seen during a trip to London in 1851, Colt embarked upon one of the boldest real estate development campaigns in Hartfords history. His intention to build an industrial community to house his workers adjacent to the Colt Armory. By 1856, it was a city within a city, where workers of many nationalities and religions worked, lived and recreated alongside one another. Colts complex also included the largest armory in the world, wharf and ferry facilities on the Connecticut River.</p><br>
<p>While not the largest, the most prominent or the most tightly controlled of Americas 19th century company towns, Coltsville was among the countrys first, and easily the most advanced of its time. He established a ten-hour day for employees, installed washing stations in the factory, mandated a one-hour lunch break, and built the Charter Oak Hall, where employees could enjoy games, newspapers, and discussion rooms. Colt ran his plant with a military-like discipline, he would fire workers for tardiness, sub-par work or even suggesting improvements to his designs.</p><br>
<p>Crowning the hilltop in the northwest corner of the complex was Armsmear, an enormous Italian villa Colt built for himself and his wife in 1857 that was likely contemporary Hartford&#39;s most luxurious structure by a significant margin.</p><br>
<p>After a major fire destroyed the original armory in 1864, Colts widow had the original armory rebuilt including the original structures most dramatic feature: the blue onion dome with gold stars, topped by a gold orb and a rampant colt, the original symbol of Colt Manufacturing Company. Visible to commuters on I-91, the Colt Armory stands a monument to Hartford&#39;s first "celebrity industrialist," and the once mighty empire he created.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Colt is known as the inventor of the revolver, but he was also an innovator in the development of factory methods and processes, enabling the mass production of his high-precision products. His business practices were also innovative, involving not just a shrewd use of patents to protect his products, but also new developments in marketing and business organization to create a highly successful business which long outlived him. This success was propagated in part by his wife Elizabeth, who continued to run his businesses for forty years after his death in 1862.</p><br>
<p>Colt hired Elisha K. Root as his chief mechanic in setting up the plants machinery. Root had been successful in an earlier venture automating the production of axes and made, bought, or improved jigs, fixtures and profile machinery for Colt. Over the years he developed specialized machinery for stock turning or cutting the rifling in gun barrels. Historian Barbara Tucker credits Root as "the first to build special purpose machinery and apply it to the manufacture of a commercial product". Colt historian Herbert G. Houze, wrote, "had it not been for Roots inventive genius, Colt&#39;s dream of mass production would never have been realized".</p><br>
<p>Thus, Colts factory was the first to make use of the concept known as the assembly line. The idea was not new but was never successful in industry at the time because of the lack of interchangeable parts. Roots machinery changed that for Colt, since the machines completed as much as 80% of the work and less than 20% of the parts required hand fitting and filing. Colts revolvers were made by machine, but he insisted on final hand finishing and polishing of his revolvers to impart a handmade feel. Colt turned to artisan gun makers from Bavaria and developed a commercial use for Waterman Ormsbys grammagraph to produce "roll-die" engraving on steel, particularly on the cylinders. He hired Bavarian engraver Gustave Young for fine hand engraving on his more "custom" pieces. In an attempt to attract skilled European-immigrant workers to his plant, Colt built homes modeled after a village in Potsdam. In an effort to stem the flooding from the river he planted German osiers, a type of willow tree in a 2 mi long dike. He subsequently built a factory to manufacture wicker furniture made from these trees.</p><br>
<h3>Legacy</h3><br>
<p>Following her son&#39;s death, Elizabeth Colt commissioned the Church of the Good Shepherd in 1896 as a monument to his life. Built in High Victorian Gothic style, architectural features include a variety of gun parts, such as bullet molds, gunsights and cylinders. This unusual characteristic makes it likely the only church in the world with a gun motif.</p><br>
<p>When Elizabeth Colt died in 1904, she willed the majority of her estate, Armsmear, to the City of Hartford for use as a public park. Today, the 105 acre Colt Park services the community with a number of athletic fields, playgrounds, a swimming pool, playground, skating rink and Dillon Stadium.</p><br>
<p>In December 2014, legislation was passed authorizing the creation of the Coltsville National Historical Park incorporating much of the landmarked area. The park has not yet been established and the National Park Service is awaiting land transfer.</p><br>
<p>The Howard County Courthouse, on Indian St. between 6th and 7th Sts. in St. Paul, Nebraska, was built in 1912. It was designed by Berlinghof & Davis and George A. Berlinghof in Classical Revival style.</p><br>
<p>It is a four-story building made of brick and of Bedford, Indiana limestone.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. The listing included one contributing building and one contributing object.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant architecturally and for its association with local politics and government of Howard County, Nebraska. It was asserted to be "an important example" of Nebraska</p><br>
<p>architect George A. Berlinghof&#39;s work, in this case as part of Berlinghof & Davis; it included features later used by Berlinghof in the Greeley County Courthouse and the Franklin County Courthouse and therefore demonstrated "the evolution of his designs."</p><br>
<p>The Cottonwood Creek Bridge is a bridge over Cottonwood Creek in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The structure is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was completed on what was a major Colorado north–south road in 1923 and is one of the few long cantilevered, girder bridges in the state from the 1920s. It has a concrete deck and is made of four 53-foot spans. It is made with a "hammered concrete treatment on the spandrels and cast concrete balusters forming the guardrails."</p><br>
<p>The Cutler Hall is a Gothic library building on the Colorado College campus in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The building is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It was the first building on the Colorado College campus, built between 1877 and 1880. Called "the College" it held all the offices, classrooms, a library, auditorium, and more for the burgeoning school. It is now used by the financial aid and admissions departments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Major Henry McAlister donated land for the construction of a building. Peabody and Stearns, an architectural organization in Boston, was hired to design the building. The High Victorian Gothic building was built between 1877 and 1880 and between 1881 and 1882 wings were added to the building. It was the first college building, and was first called "the College" and included all the necessary rooms for the college: classrooms, library, combination auditorium and chapel, and a chemistry lab. The college also taught students for the affiliated Cutler Academy, a preparatory school.</p><br>
<p>The school taught metallurgy and chemistry courses, such as assaying and blowpipe analysis, which attracted prospectors and miners to the school, such as Winfield Scott Stratton. It taught physics and other sciences, and was involved in early study of x-ray photography. Artus Van Briggle studied local clays and pottery, later founding the Van Briggle Pottery company.</p><br>
<p>The building was named "Palmer Hall" in 1889 in honor of William Jackson Palmer&#39;s dedication to the college. Palmer funded the construction of a science building. The new building was named Palmer Hall, and the original college building was named Cutler Hall for philanthropist Henry Cutler who was a contributor to the college. Cutler Academy classes were held until 1914.</p><br>
<p>The bell on top of the building was used to call students to classes, and students rang the bell after athletic victories. The bell was rung vigorously at the end of World War II by Marine students. It fell and was irreparably damaged. The Navy loaned a bell to the school from the World War II carrier, the USAS. Geneva.</p><br>
<p>The hall was renovated in 1937 for college administrative offices, and geology classes were still conducted in the building. In 1966 college administrative offices moved to Armstrong Hall, and the Education Department moved its offices to Cutler Hall. The building was remodeled in 1972 and alumni affairs, public information, yearbook and college publication offices moved into the hall. College relations and development offices moved into the all in the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>Colorado Historical Fund grants provided funds in the 1990s for restoration of the exterior and windows.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>The hall now has the financial aid and admissions offices.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>The American Institute of Architects named Culter Hall as one of the top 20 buildings in the Pikes Peak Region.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas M. and Bridget Blackstock House is located in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. The Blackstock House is a two-story, balloon frame, clapboard home designed by architect Arvin Luce Weeks in the Italianate style.</p><br>
<p>The house was originally built for Thomas M. Blackstock, an Irish immigrant who made his fortune from the Phoenix Chair Company and the Sheboygan Mutual Loan, Saving, and Building Association, and his wife, Bridget Blackstock (née Denn). Thomas Blackstock served as a city councilman for three terms, as Mayor of Sheboygan for four, and as a representative to the Michigan House of Representatives.</p><br>
<p>The Byron was a schooner that sank in Lake Michigan off the coast of Oostburg, Wisconsin, United States. In 2009 the shipwreck site was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The commercial vessel Byron, a small undocumented 36-foot schooner, was built and sailed under the command of Captain William Burmeister of Manitowoc, Wisconsin. In 1867 she was run down and sunk by the Canton, another schooner. At the time of the loss, the Byron was valued at about $1000, and the cargo at $400.</p><br>
<p>The Byron now lies in 135 feet of water 12 miles southeast of Sheboygan, Wisconsin. The wreckage was discovered by commercial fisherman Danny Burnette in 1977 when a trawl net brought up an anchor. Divers soon located the wreck site, much of the Byron&#39;s cargo and equipment was recovered by recreational divers over the next few years. Today, no cargo or artifacts remain; the Byron is completely covered with a layer of zebra and quagga mussels and the hull is very fragile.</p><br>
<p>The Byron is significant as a rare example of its type of commercial vessel, once common to Wisconsin&#39;s transportation infrastructure and a vital part of its economy in the time before road and rail networks. There is no surviving historical record of the construction techniques of lakeshoring schooners, making the Byron site a potential source of additional information on this type of 19th century vessel.</p><br>
<p>Hetty Taylor was a schooner that sank in Lake Michigan off Sheboygan, Wisconsin, United States. In 2005 the shipwreck site was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It was included within the boundaries of the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary in 2021.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hetty Taylor was launched in 1874. She mostly hauled wood products. The ship carried cargo from ports such as Muskegon, Michigan, and Green Bay, Sister Bay, and Egg Harbor, Wisconsin, to her home port in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. She also carried numerous types of cargo from Milwaukee to other ports.</p><br>
<p>On August 26, 1880, Hetty Taylor was in Lake Michigan on a voyage from Milwaukee to Escanaba, Michigan, when she encountered a sudden squall and capsized. Her crew of five rowed safely to shore in a small boat, hoping to find help and recover the ship before she sank. However, by the time they were able to return, it was too late. Hetty Taylor sank, coming to rest at 43&deg; latitude, 40.893&deg; longitude in 105 to 110 ft of water with 8 ft of her main topmast protruding above the surface. Salvage efforts apparently were abandoned after late April 1881.</p><br>
<p>Mountain Glen, also known as the Repass-Hudson House, is a historic home located near Ceres, Bland County, Virginia. It was built in the mid- to-late- 1850s, and is a large, two-story, three bay frame house of the double-pile, central-passage form. It has a hipped roof and a full-width front porch added about 1910.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Wolf Creek Bridge is a historic metal Pratt truss railroad bridge located near Rocky Gap, Bland County, Virginia, United States. It was built about 1912, by the Phoenix Bridge Company of Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, for the New River, Holston and Western Railroad. It was converted for use as a road bridge in 1946. It measures 206 ft long and 16 ft wide. The bridge was closed in 1987 and became a pedestrian bridge and the focal point of a county recreational park.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Junius Marcellus Updyke Farm is a historic home and farm located near Bland, Bland County, Virginia. The house was built about 1910, and is a two-story, three-bay, single-pile, I-house, with a two-story rear ell to its rear. It also has a one-story wing and porch. It has a gable roof with pent roofs at the ends and a full-width front porch supported by Ionic order columns. Also on the property are a contributing two-story smokehouse , granary , chicken house , storage shed , barn , and family cemetery.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The DeGraff Building is a commercial building in Colorado Springs, Colorado. It is "one of the few remaining commercial buildings dating from the boom period following the Cripple Creek gold strike." The building is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>David DeGraff, a California gold rush miner, had the building constructed in 1897. It was designed by Barber and Hastings, who also designed the 1890-1891 renovations to the El Paso Club on 30 Platte Avenue. Retail shops were on the first floor of the DeGraff Building and offices were on the second, third and fourth floors. The building was converted into an apartment house after World War II. In 1967 it was converted back to offices. In 1982 the building was restored; The parapet that had been removed was recreated and the rock aggregate veneer that had been applied to the front facade was removed.</p><br>
<p>The Colorado Springs Business Journal first began in the DeGraff Building in 1989. Oskar blues is currently located on the first floor.</p><br>
<p>Forother places of a similar nameBell Farm </p><br>
<p>The Marcus Sears Bell Farm, also known as the Bell-Tierney Farmstead, is located in New Richmond, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>It includes a two-story Italianate farmhouse with a hipped roof and with endboard pilasters.</p><br>
<p>The house was moved about 300 ft in 1982 to avoid demolition.</p><br>
<h2>New Richmond Heritage Center</h2><br>
<p>The Bell-Tierney Farmstead is now the central site of the New Richmond Heritage Center. Other historic buildings on the property include a log barn with blacksmith and carpenter tool collections, a one-room schoolhouse, a mid-20th century rural general store, and a late 19th-century Lutheran church.</p><br>
<p>The William J. Bernd House is located in New Richmond, Wisconsin, United States. It is one of two houses sharing the name in New Richmond. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The exterior of this two-story clapboard house was then essentially original, in a patternbook Queen Anne style.</p><br>
<p>It has dormers in its roof and a full one-story front porch with Doric capitals upon its columns, and lattice work at its foundation.</p><br>
<p>The William J. Bernd House is located in New Richmond, Wisconsin, United States. It is one of two houses sharing the name in New Richmond. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>It was built around 1927. It was deemed significant as "Architecturally, this is the only pure example of a Craftsman style bungalow in New Richmond. With the exception of perhaps the screens on the front porch, the integrity is intact. The styling is virtually a textbook example of the Craftsman style bungalow, complete with 3" wide clapboard. Although bungalows are a minor housing type in the city, other examples have had various alterations. The integrity and detail on this bungalow make in significant as a local example of the style."</p><br>
<p>The Frederick L. Darling House is a historic house located at 617 Third Street in Hudson, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<p>The two-story, Greek Revival style house was built in 1857 by Amasa and Ammah Andrews. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 4, 1984.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story L-shaped building on a stone foundation. It has a pedimented gable portico supported by four octagonal columns on its east side.</p><br>
<p>It has also been known as Darling-O&#39;Brien House.</p><br>
<p>The Lewis-Williams House is a historic house located in Hudson, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>It is a one-and-a-half-story "romantic" Gothic Revival cottage overlooking the St. Croix River. It has multiple steep gables "ornamented with finials and heavy elaborate wooden bargeboard with pendants."</p><br>
<p>It was bought by Dr. Boyd T. Williams in 1930 and used as a cancer treatment facility. Williams died in 1948; the house remains as a "historic representative of the localitys development of health services and the last surviving symbol of Dr. Boyd T. Williams medical contributions."</p><br>
<p>The Samuel T. Merritt House is located in Hudson, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story Italianate house upon a stone foundation which was bought by Samuel T. Merritt in 1862. Merritt was a teacher, who moved from New York State to here.</p><br>
<p>Merritt became wealthy through business ventures including by being "the first to ship wheat down the (St. Croix) river to La Crosse...by barge, with a boat Viola, which was built in Hudson". Merritt was "A devout Baptist and Republican....recognized as a highly prominent and influential citizen, revered as starting out in life poor in pocket, but rich in the possession of health, courage, and ability. His success has not come...by any royal road, but through careful plodding work, good investments, and excellent management, while the...esteem in which he has held has been honestly won by honorable methods and a pleasing personality."</p><br>
<p>After he purchased the house in 1862, he lived in it from 1867 to his death in 1918.</p><br>
<p>The Drennan School, also known as the Drennan Community Building, is a historic building in Ellicott, near Colorado Springs, Colorado. The building was first owned by the Widefield School District in El Paso County. It is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The rural schoolhouse, built about 1917, was used as a school until 1955. Grades 1 through 12 were taught in 2 classrooms. The building represents a turn-of-the-century shift from one-room schoolhouses to buildings with larger classrooms. Its new rural schoolhouse design included a hipped roof and clustered classroom windows. The school taught through the 12th grade, versus the 8th grade taught in the neighboring one-room schoolhouses. In 1922, the school had its first high school graduation.</p><br>
<p>It was named for William O. Drennan who provided the land and funds for the area&#39;s first schoolhouse, which was a one-room log building. Since its beginning and until the present day, the building has been used for community events.</p><br>
<p>It was the site of the areas post office from 1920 to 1951, and from 1918 to 1955 had El Paso Countys first "wide-area telephone system" switchboard.</p><br>
<p>Students at the school produced their own newspaper. Girls and boys participated and won county and district basketball championships. In 1946, the girls won the state basketball championship. Enrollment began to decline in the ranching and farming community in the 1950s following a significant drought.</p><br>
<p>The school closed in 1955 and, in 1957, the school building was sold to the community, which wanted to preserve the historic integrity of the building and continue to use it for community events.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The school building has classrooms and a library on the main floor. In the basement were bedrooms for the cook / caretaker and four teachers who resided in the school. There is also a kitchen, cafeteria, restroom and an office that was used by the switchboard operator.</p><br>
<p>It sits on a 2.65 acre lot, bordered by trees to break the wind, and has a gravel parking lot. Located on the dirt Drennan Road, it is surrounded by open land used for grazing. Within the treed perimeter are the single-story school, coal shed, cistern, 2 outhouses, a propane tank and a merry-go-round. It is believed that the 2 outhouses and the coal shed were Works Progress Administration projects.</p><br>
<p>Buchanan Historic District is a national historic district located at Buchanan, Botetourt County, Virginia. It encompasses 277 contributing buildings, 5 contributing sites, and 4 contributing structures in Buchanan and Pattonsburg on both sides of the James River. They include commercial, transportation-related, domestic, religious, and industrial resources associated with the communitys development from the late-18th century through the late-20th century. Notable buildings include the Pattonsburg Mill , Buchanan Presbyterian Church , Trinity Episcopal Church , Hotel Botetourt , Sorrell House , James Evans Mason Lodge , Virginia Can Company complex , "Oak Hill" , Town Hall Municipal Building, Bank of Buchanan, Ransones Drugstore, Buchanan Theatre , and Buchanan High School . The contributing sites include the James River & Kanawha Canal project site, Johnston-Boyd Cemetery , and Mountain View Cemetery . The contributing structures include the Stone Arch Tunnel . Also located in the district is the separately listed Wilson Warehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Greyledge is a historic home and national historic district in Botetourt County, Virginia. It encompasses 13 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, and 2 contributing structures, as well as woods and cropland. Although less than a mile from Interstate 81, the house seated on a knob 1200 feet in altitude is not visible from the interstate highway, nor is the highway visible from the house. Purgatory Mountain is visible to the west of the house, which has views of the Blue Ridge Mountains to the south and east. Purgatory Creek drains much of the property and flows into the James River several miles south in the town of Buchanan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The main house was built beginning in 1842 by the Cartmill brothers for their orphaned cousin, Miss Ann Sisson, and finished circa 1855. Ann Sisson inherited the property, then married Charles Gorgas, Pennsylvania-born nephew of a Rockbridge county ironmaster. When Gorgas died of pneumonia in 1862, his wife inherited nearby Etna Furnace and about 7000 acres of iron-bearing land. She married Henry Hansborough in 1866, and died in 1885. In 1895, Edmund Cash Pechin Pennsylvania lawyer and mining expert associated with various railroads and the Virginia Development Company in Roanoke acquired the property from Ann Sisson Gorgas Hansboroughs estate and developed it as an estate home. His wife Mary Cash Shelly Pechin headed nearby Buchanans Village Improvement Society. Both died in the 1920s, and their daughter Bertha Pechin inherited the property. Stuart B. Carter, a Virginia lawyer and state delegate who played a key role in defeating the Byrd Organizations Massive Resistance policy, bought it from Bertha Pechin, his wifes aunt, and did further renovations and restorations. Their children also inherited the property, but the next phase of renovations and restoration began after the 2001 sale.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The symmetrical two-story, three-bay, two-room-deep, center-passage-plan main house is in brick and constructed in the Greek Revival style. Slave labor made all the original structure&#39;s bricks on the property; the front was built in the Flemish bond style, the sides and rear in stretcher bond style. In 1906, about a decade after the property was purchased by the Pechin family from near Cleveland, Ohio, a two-story east wing and front porch were added in American bond style and painted. The later rear wings (to attach the kitchen and ice house to the main structure) are of weatherboard painted white. Also in the main house complex are a contributing potato cellar/acetylene house, cistern (c. 1900), washhouse/apartment (c. 1900, c. 1940), garage and barn—all constructed around 1900. Around 1930 were added a machinery shed and chicken house. The area also includes a 20th-century pet cemetery and lake (1946). In the late 19th century, another set of buildings were erected around what was sometimes called the Gate House, along with another barn. That area also includes a well/gazebo and garage constructed in the 1930s and a modern shed. A third group of structures includes the Creek House and well constructed in the early 20th century, together with a late 20th century shed, pig pen and privy which are not considered contributing structures. A water tower was removed circa 1960.</p><br>
<p>It was listed as a Virginia Landmark in September 2001, and on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The New Richmond West Side Historic District is a 29 acre historic district in New Richmond, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988 and then included 28 contributing buildings. The district is roughly bounded by the Willow River, Minnesota Ave., W. Second St., and S. Washington Ave.</p><br>
<p>The district is south of the Willow River and is in the city&#39;s first ward.</p><br>
<p>The district included 17 homes built from 1870 to 1911, one built in 1929–30, and 10 carriage houses or garages.</p><br>
<p>The most notable among these may be the Doar House (1929–30), Colonial Revival, designed by Roy Childs Jones, head of the school of architecture at University of Minnesota Or the Mosher House (1887), Shingle style restrained Queen Anne house, designed by Cass Gilbert and James Knox Taylor</p><br>
<p>These are:</p><br>
<p>Mosher House (1887), 111 Dakota Avenue South, Shingle style restrained Queen Anne house, designed by Cass Gilbert and James Knox Taylor</p><br>
<p>McNally House (1911), 112 Dakota Avenue South, the only one built to replace another house, which was moved to make way. Craftsman iwht Classical Revival detailing. Damaged, architecturally, in 1963 when its Classical Revival porch was replaced by a plain two-story front portico.</p><br>
<p>Virgin House (1884,87), 222 First Street West</p><br>
<p>247 First Street West (c.1900)</p><br>
<p>Williams House (1883), 339 First Street West</p><br>
<p>Bell House (2nd) (1897), 350 First Street West</p><br>
<p>Earle House (1905), 367 First Street West</p><br>
<p>O. Williams House (1886), 413 First Street West</p><br>
<p>K. Bell House (1909), 425 First Street West</p><br>
<p>Winter House (1905), 442 First Street West</p><br>
<p>Johnston House (1887, 1890), 447 First Street West, originally of Shingle style, designed by LeRoy Buffington, then revised to be more or less Colonial Revival around 1900, and later altered</p><br>
<p>Boardman House (1904), 450 First Street West</p><br>
<p>Johnston House (2nd) (1895), 467 First Street West</p><br>
<p>Beal House (1888, 1905), 507 First Street West</p><br>
<p>Doar House (1929–30), 510 First Street West, Colonial Revival, designed by Roy Childs Jones, head of the school of architecture at University of Minnesota</p><br>
<p>105 Montana Avenue South (c.1900)</p><br>
<p>Bartlett House, 251 Second Street West (1873, 1887, 1903), was Italianate, altered later to almost Foursquare</p><br>
<p>Simonton House 313 Second Street West (c.1870)</p><br>
<p>The William H. Phipps House is a historic house located in Hudson, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 18, 1987.</p><br>
<p>Its NRHP nomination states:The William H. Phipps house epitomizes fanciful Queen Anne architecture with its octagonal tower, multiple verandahs and balconies and exterior facade ornamentation using octagonal shingles and various applied wood detail. The interior complements the architectural quality using hardwoods, often carved in the minutest detail. The elegant Queen Anne style home built in 1884, is one of the showplaces in Hudson and continues to be one of the finest examples of the style of architecture to be found in the St. Croix Valley.</p><br>
<p>As of 2018, it serves as Phipps Inn Bed & Breakfast.</p><br>
<p>The Erick J. Thompson House is located in New Richmond, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-and-a-half-story Queen Anne-style house on a rusticated stone block foundation.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed notable as "an excellent local example of the style in New Richmond. The ornamental woodwork, turret dormer, bay windows and wrap around porch all combine to give a visual tour-de-force and make this house the most elaborate example of the Queen Anne in town, on both the interior and exterior."</p><br>
<p>The old Albany Academy building, known officially as Academy Park by the City School District of Albany, its owner , and formerly known as the Joseph Henry Memorial, is located in downtown Albany, New York, United States. It is a Federal style brownstone building erected in the early 19th century. In 1971, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Later, it was included as a contributing property when the Lafayette Park Historic District was established.</p><br>
<p>At the time it was built it was home to The Albany Academy, established a few years earlier. Architect Philip Hookers Federal style design is the citys oldest public building, and the less altered of his two intact non-residential buildings in the city. In the 1820s, Joseph Henry co-discovered electrical inductance in experiments conducted in the building, a discovery that was important to the later development of the telegraph and, by extension, the modern telecommunications of the Information Age. A statue of him by John Flanagan was placed out front to commemorate his accomplishment. T. Romeyn Beck wrote his important early works on forensic medicine while serving as the school&#39;s principal for three decades.</p><br>
<p>In the 1930s, the Academy moved to a new building in a different section of the city that it still occupies. It sold the building to the city of Albany; in 1986 the citys school district took ownership and began its current use of the building for its main offices. Another Albany architect, Marcus T. Reynolds, supervised renovations to the buildings interior. It has otherwise remained intact.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The land historically associated with the building is one of the two acres of Academy Park, located between Eagle, Elk and Hawk streets. It straddles the boundary with Lafayette Park to the west; it is a contributing property to the associated historic district. The terrain rises gently from the Hudson River a half-mile (800 m) to the east and the ravine of Sheridan Hollow to the north. The Albany County Vietnam War memorial is located a short distance to the west.</p><br>
<p>Many other listed properties, most of them also government buildings that contribute to the district, are nearby. Opposite Lafayette Park on Hawk is the monumental Classical Revival New York State Department of Education Building, with Cathedral of All Saints, seat of the Episcopal Diocese of Albany, concealed at the other end of the block. To the southwest, across Washington Avenue (New York State Route 5), is the state capitol, a National Historic Landmark, between East and West Capitol Park. Opposite the park to the east, along Eagle, are the county courthouse, the New York Court of Appeals building, and Albany City Hall. A group of rowhouses, also contributing properties, faces the building from across Elk.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is positioned sideways to Elk Street, with its main entrance on the east (front) facade and its north elevation facing the rowhouses opposite. It has a two-story five-bay main block of Nyack sandstone</p><br>
<p>On the main block, the basement windows are set with 10-over-10 double-hung sash windows topped by splayed-stone lintels. Just above them the water table serves as a base for the six fluted Ionic pilasters that rise both stories, forming a colossal order. On the first story they separate 15-over-15 double-hung sash with a carved panel in the middle of the lintel. Stringcourses between the colossal Ionic pilasters separate the first-story windows from their second-story counterparts, also 15-over-15 but arched and set in a slightly recessed double arch. Slight cornices there form the springline for the arches.</p><br>
<p>The pilasters&#39; Ionic capitals support a molded frieze with an egg-and-dart pattern underneath the modillioned cornice at the roofline. Above it is a balustrade. The gently pitched hipped roof is pierced by two brick chimneys at either end with a copper roofed cupola in the middle. It has keystone-arched louvered vents in its lower stage, separated by pairs of smooth Corinthian columns. They support a broad overhanging modillioned cornice, above which is a frieze decorated with swag. Atop the cupola is a flared domed roof with a weathervane.</p><br>
<p>There are two centrally located entrances on the east. At the top of a pair of sideways stone steps with iron railings is the main entrance, paneled wooden double doors with sidelights and a fanlight. Narrow fluted pilasters flank the doors; the whole entrance is slightly recessed. Below it is a more restrained basement entrance with paneled doors and sidelights in the stone. In front of it is a statue of Joseph Henry on a gray granite pedestal with text explaining his accomplishments.</p><br>
<p>The two wings are more restrained. The first story rather than the basement has the rustication. Its six-over-six double-hung sash is set in slightly recessed arches. The stringcourse, continuous here, separates it from the second story. There, smooth Ionic pilasters divide the bays. It, too, has six-over-six double-hung sash, set in singly arched windows that are otherwise similar to their counterparts on the main block. The balustrade continues along the roof of the wings as well; both have the same pairs of chimneys at the end.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Although it has been a private school for its entire existence, The Albany Academy was established by the city council in 1813 to educate the sons of the citys most prosperous citizens in classics, math and science. Classes began soon after the state granted the schools charter. Starting in 1815 they were held in a building rented from Killian K. Van Rensselaer, a member of one of the city&#39;s most prominent families, who had served several terms in Congress.</p><br>
<p>That same year Philip Hooker, then Albanys most prominent architect, appeared before the schools building committee. He had at that point already designed the nearby City Hall and State Capitol buildings (both since replaced), and pointed to his years of experience and his "close application in the research of ancient and modern architecture." Mayor Philip S. Van Rensselaer laid the building&#39;s cornerstone after Hooker got the commission.</p><br>
<p>Hookers Federal style design, with extensive classically-inspired decoration, echoed the schools original curricular focus. It shows the influence of New York City Hall by Joseph Francois Mangin and John McComb, Jr., also a new building at that time. Hooker&#39;s design included the chapel on the second floor, which survives intact.</p><br>
<p>The new building was matched with a new school principal when it was opened in 1817. T. Romeyn Beck. He would serve in that position until 1848, shaping the school profoundly. Not only did he distinguish himself as an administrator, he also made an important contribution to American medicine with Elements of Medical Jurisprudence. Published in 1823, it was the first significant work on forensic medicine. Outside of that field, he was instrumental in establishing the state&#39;s geological survey and library.</p><br>
<p>Beck also hired a talented early graduate of the Academy, Joseph Henry, to return as a science teacher after he finished his studies at Union College in nearby Schenectady in a year. In addition to teaching science, Henry did research at the school with the help of his assistant and students. He would later leave to take a position at Princeton University, and eventually became the Smithsonian Institution&#39;s first secretary.</p><br>
<p>For the remainder of the 19th century, the school stayed in Hookers building, keeping it as it had been designed, even as competing private schools were started and the city began to expand from its early neighborhoods close to the river and, like the school, near downtown. By the 1920s, it was clear more space would be needed, and the academy bought 30 acre on Highland Avenue, in Albanys newer, more suburban neighborhoods. Just before the Great Depression began, the city agreed to buy the school&#39;s old building for $450,000 ($ in modern dollars).</p><br>
<p>Marcus T. Reynolds, like Hooker the city&#39;s most prominent architect in his day, who had designed the new Academy building, supervised the renovation. His changes to the building were primarily on the interior, including a new marble double staircase and modifications to the center hall. On the outside he commissioned a copper replacement for the original wooden cupola that duplicated it exactly. The John Flanagan statue of Henry was placed in the front and the building renamed in his memory. Later in the 1930s, the Albany City School District moved into the building and has used it as its main offices ever since.</p><br>
<p>The Wheat Growers Hotel, at 102 S. Oak St. in Kimball, Nebraska, is a historic hotel that was built in Early Commercial style in 1918. It was the largest hotel built in Kimball. It benefited from Union Pacific railway line expansion and the Lincoln Highway running through Kimball.</p><br>
<p>The hotel has a wheat theme reflected in decorative elements of its building which "celebrates an important facet of the commercial and economic development of the city and county." It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002, at which time it was vacant.</p><br>
<p>In its NRHP nomination it was asserted to be significant "as an important resource in the commercial and economic development in the city of Kimball" and "as a good example of early twentieth-century commercial hotel design with good integrity."</p><br>
<p>Lauderdale is a historic home located near Buchanan, Botetourt County, Virginia. Lauderdale takes its name from the eighteenth century owner of the property, James Lauderdale Sr. Lauderdale purchased 366 acres on Looney Mill Creek in 1749. By the early 1780s, he owned over a thousand acres in Botetourt County, and in 1785 he was listed as the owner of a dwelling and three other buildings. The home Lauderdale was built in 1790 by James Lauderdale Sr. Lauderdale Sr. settled in the area in 1730, when the region was still in the possession of the Indians. The mansion Lauderdale was built near a spring, near which it is said that Lauderdale shot and killed an Indian during an attack on his home. The plantation consisted of 1200 acres, Lauderdale is one of the largest houses in Botetourt. There are thirty rooms within its walls. The high ceilings and hand carved woodwork of the immense hallway, library, and drawing room make it one of the handsomest houses is Virginia. The bricks on its walls were made by slaves on the place. In 1796, Lauderdale sold 444 acres, including his residence to Col. Henry Bowyer . Most references to Lauderdale incorrectly show the date of its construction as 1821, yet the Botetourt County Deed Book VI, page 36, clearly shows the subsequent owner of the mansion from Lauderdale&#39;s son, James Lauderdale Jr., a Col. Henry Bowyer, having purchased the home in 1796.</p><br>
<p>A famous book named &#39;Rose - A Woman of Color" centers around a legal case involving this slave named Rose, daughter of Jenny. Jenny was one of the slaves owned by Mr. Lauderdale at the time. Lauderdale was always the center of attention in Botetourt, much like Tara in" Gone With The Wind". Many galas, weddings and community get-togethers were held at the grand mansion. Another famous slave was Pleasant Richardson, who during the Civil War escaped from the Lauderdale plantation and became a Union soldier in the 45th United States Colored Infantry Regiment. After the war he came back to Virginia and settled in nearby Fincastle, Virginia, where he became a property owner.</p><br>
<p>The house has been added to or otherwise remodeled on at least two subsequent occasions, about 1840 and about 1926. It is a two-story, brick dwelling that has a one-room-deep, center-passage-plan form with a five-bay north-facing front elevation, a two-story ell, and a rear addition built about 1926. It features Greek Revival style decorative details and a Colonial Revival style portico added in 1926. Also on the property are a contributing privy and outbuilding.</p><br>
<p>The side sun room was added and later converted into a closed room. Descendants of the Lauderdale family purchased the house in the mid-1970s and rebuilt the wall on the left side of the house as it was beginning to fall. The structure was built in a manner of a number of bricks on the lower levels with a diminishing number of layers as the structure rose. The kitchen was added on the back of the house and featured a double restaurant-type walk in refrigerator and freezer My family once owned Lauderdale. My great-great-grandfather was President of the Bank of Buchanan and gifted the house to my great-grandfather, O.T. Mundy. My grandfather was born on the property, and I have visited the property many times. At a point in time, Edward Johnston sold the property to Edward J. McCulloch. Four years later McCulloch sold Lauderdale to James Mundy. Mundy gave his son Oliver T. Mundy the use of the house and farm. Oliver lived at Lauderdale with his wife Laura Rader Mundy and a son, Armand P. Mundy (b. ca. 1892). Oliver Mundy kept a team of Percheron horses on the farm which he used to maintain area roads. Oliver later built a house across the road and moved there.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Thomas D. Kinzie House is a historic home located at Troutville, Botetourt County, Virginia. It was built between 1909 and 1911, and is a -story, brick dwelling in the Queen Anne style. It features a complex slate-covered hipped roof with projecting, pedimented gables, and a one-story wraparound porch. Also on the property are a contributing raised-face concrete block and frame spring house, a raised-face concrete block garage, two sheds and a large frame bank barn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Bryan McDonald Jr. House is a historic home located at Troutville, Botetourt County, Virginia. It was built about 1766, and is a two-story, three-bay, side-gable, Georgian Period stone building with a two-story brick ell added about 1840. Also attached is a modern, two-story frame addition. The front facade is of coursed sandstone blocks and side and rear elevations of limestone. Also on the property are the contributing remains of a rectangular stone barn .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Anderson House is a historic home located at Haymakertown, Botetourt County, Virginia. It was built about 1828, and is a two-story, central-passage-plan dwelling with an unusual asymmetrical four-bay principal facade. A two-story brick west wing and a single story frame ell, were added in 1969. Also on the property are a contributing early 19th-century meathouse, a small frame, early 20th-century barn, and the site of a 19th-century mill pond.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Annandale, also known as Alpine Farms, is a historic home located at Gilmore Mills, Botetourt County, Virginia. It was built in 1835, and is a two-story, Greek Revival-style brick dwelling with a deck-on-hip roof. It has a one-story, three-bay, wooden front porch with tapering square columns. A two-story brick west wing and a single story frame ell, were added in 1969. Also on the property is a contributing brick dairy or meathouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Silas A. Rice Log House, located on Oregon Route 19 at Burns Park in Condon, Oregon, is a historic log house built in 1884 as a simple pen of hewn logs. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>It was a homesteader&#39;s cabin and is one of few surviving hewn log houses in a wide area of Oregon. The cabin was named after Silas and Mary Jane Rice who relocated to Gilliam County from Utah in 1884, riding by covered wagon over the Oregon Trail. The cabin is constructed of Douglas fir logs, originally harvested by Silas from the Lost Valley area, about 17 miles southeast of Condon. The cabin was originally located about two miles from its current location, and eventually was abandoned and deteriorated slowly. The cabin was moved by the Gilliam County Historical Society in 1987; it was dismantled and reconstructed by hand and "faithfully in main part."</p><br>
